Arts and Humanities have depicted, commented on, and shaped the world as we know it today. Covering a range of topics from philosophy and politics to art and culture, these fields offer a wealth of knowledge and insight. One of the most difficult decisions can be to decide which works to study! Be inspired by our list of 20 classic books to read in Arts and Humanities. You never know, perhaps you may just find yourself a new favorite piece of work!

What’s Included in an Oxford Summer Course?

Our tailored summer courses for ages 9-24 include all teaching and academic content, accommodation, meals (including Friday night formal dinners), a prize-giving ceremony, all-day trips and activities, airport transfers, access to Oxford Summer Courses Foundations, travel and medical insurance, and a welcome pack. Apply now to secure your spot in one of our comprehensive summer courses.

1. The Republic, by Plato

"The heaviest penalty for declining to rule is to be ruled by someone inferior to yourself."

Published around 380 BC, The Republic is a cornerstone of Western philosophy, delving into concepts of justice, government, and the nature of the human soul. Plato uses dialogues, particularly between Socrates and other Athenians, to explore the ideal society. His vivid depictions of the philosopher-king and the allegory of the cave provide readers with a profound look into philosophical inquiry. For students, it not only serves as a guide to understanding governance and ethics but also opens up questions about the pursuit of truth and knowledge.

2. The Art of War, by Sun Tzu

"All warfare is based on deception."

Written in the 5th century BC, The Art of War remains one of the most influential works on strategy. While it is often associated with military tactics, Sun Tzu’s insights extend far beyond the battlefield. His advice on leadership, planning, and adaptability is equally relevant to business, sports, and personal development. With its concise yet powerful aphorisms, the text encourages readers to think critically about competition, making it essential for students looking to understand conflict, power dynamics, and human psychology.

3. Civilization and Its Discontents, by Sigmund Freud

"The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilization."

Published in 1930, Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents examines the inherent conflict between individual desires and the restrictions imposed by society. Freud introduces the idea that civilization, while necessary for order and progress, inevitably leads to personal dissatisfaction. Through his analysis of the human psyche, Freud explores concepts of repression, guilt, and the tension between love and aggression. This text offers valuable insight for students studying psychology, sociology, and philosophy, as it challenges readers to reflect on the balance between personal freedom and societal expectations.

4. Ways of Seeing, by John Berger

"The relation between what we see and what we know is never settled."

Published in 1972, Ways of Seeing redefined art criticism and visual culture. Berger's provocative analysis dismantles traditional views on how art is perceived, particularly in relation to power and ownership. The book, which accompanied a BBC series, questions the authority of established art history and offers fresh perspectives on gender, culture, and politics. With its thought-provoking discussions on everything from classical paintings to modern advertising, this text is a must-read for students of visual culture and media studies.

5. The Story of Art, by E. H. Gombrich

"There really is no such thing as Art. There are only artists."

First published in 1950, Gombrich’s The Story of Art remains one of the most popular introductions to art history. Covering artistic developments from prehistoric times to modern art, the book is filled with detailed illustrations and accessible explanations. Gombrich’s writing makes complex concepts easy to understand, allowing readers to appreciate art as a constantly evolving process influenced by culture, technology, and society. This work is essential for students eager to explore how art reflects and shapes human experience over centuries.

6. Discipline and Punish, by Michel Foucault

"Is it surprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons?"

Published in 1975, Foucault’s Discipline and Punish investigates the history of punishment and the rise of modern disciplinary societies. The book traces the shift from public executions to more “humane” forms of control, such as prisons, and reveals how power is exercised subtly through institutions like schools and hospitals. Foucault’s analysis of how individuals are conditioned to conform offers students a powerful critique of societal structures. It challenges readers to question the systems of discipline and control that shape their lives.

7. The Iliad, by Homer

"Rage—Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus' son Achilles."

Composed in the 8th century BC, The Iliad is one of the greatest epic poems of the ancient world, recounting the events of the Trojan War. Through its rich narrative and detailed portrayal of gods and heroes, The Iliad explores themes of honor, glory, and mortality. Homer’s vivid descriptions of battles and personal conflicts, especially those of Achilles and Hector, continue to captivate readers. For students of literature and history, the text offers insights into the values and culture of ancient Greece, making it an essential read for understanding classical civilization.

8. Orientalism, by Edward Said

"The Orient was almost a European invention."

Published in 1978, Edward Said’s Orientalism examines how the Western world perceives and represents the East, often in a distorted and patronizing manner. Said’s work challenged conventional scholarship and exposed the imperialist underpinnings of cultural representation. By deconstructing how knowledge of the “Orient” was created and used to assert power, this text has become a foundational work in postcolonial studies. It is essential reading for students interested in understanding cultural biases and the relationship between power and knowledge.

9. The Prince, by Niccolò Machiavelli

"It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both."

Published in 1532, The Prince remains one of the most debated works on political strategy and leadership. Machiavelli’s pragmatic approach to power, often seen as ruthless, advises rulers on how to maintain control in uncertain times. His stark distinction between the ethical and the practical has made The Prince a pivotal text for those studying politics, history, and leadership. Through its examination of statecraft, the book continues to provoke discussions about the nature of power and morality in governance.

10. A Room of One's Own, by Virginia Woolf

"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

First published in 1929, Woolf’s extended essay is a powerful exploration of the limitations placed on women in literature and society. Woolf argues that financial independence and intellectual freedom are necessary for creative expression, especially for women. Drawing on examples from literary history, Woolf exposes the structural barriers women have faced and calls for a more inclusive literary tradition. This text remains central to feminist theory and is essential reading for students interested in gender studies and literature.

11. The Lives of the Artists, by Giorgio Vasari

"The painter has the Universe in his mind and hands."

Published in 1550, The Lives of the Artists by Vasari offers a collection of biographies of some of the most famous Renaissance artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Vasari’s work blends art criticism with personal anecdotes, making it a rich resource for understanding the creative processes of these master artists. It remains an essential text for art history students and anyone interested in the lives and legacies of the Renaissance’s greatest figures.

12. The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles."

Published in 1848, The Communist Manifesto is one of the most influential political documents ever written. In this brief but powerful work, Marx and Engels call for the proletariat to rise against the bourgeoisie, advocating for a classless, communist society. This text not only inspired revolutionary movements but also sparked ongoing debates about economic systems, labor rights, and social justice. It is essential reading for students studying political theory, economics, and history.

13. The Power of Myth, by Joseph Campbell

"Myths are public dreams, dreams are private myths."

Published in 1988, The Power of Myth is a series of interviews between journalist Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell, where they explore the role of myth in human society. Campbell’s analysis of myths from different cultures reveals how these stories share common themes, particularly the "hero's journey." For students of mythology, literature, or psychology, this text offers insights into the universal nature of storytelling and its power to shape our understanding of the world.

14. On the Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin

"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change."

Published in 1859, Darwin’s On the Origin of Species revolutionized our understanding of biology and the natural world. His theory of evolution by natural selection challenged established scientific and religious ideas, leading to profound debates about humanity’s place in the natural order. Darwin’s detailed observations of species and the processes that drive change across generations offer readers an opportunity to reflect on adaptation, survival, and the interconnectedness of life. For students of biology, ethics, and philosophy, this text remains foundational in exploring human development and our relationship with the natural world.

15. The Birth of Tragedy, by Friedrich Nietzsche

"What is the meaning of ascetic ideals? In the end, it is the expression of a deep disgust with the riddle of life."

Published in 1872, Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy connects the art of ancient Greek tragedy to modern existential thought, arguing that life’s inherent suffering can be transcended through creative expression. Nietzsche’s examination of the Apollonian (order) and Dionysian (chaos) elements in Greek art provides students with an insightful framework for understanding human nature and the role of art in processing life’s most profound challenges. It’s an essential read for those studying philosophy, aesthetics, and literature.

16. The Social Contract, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."

Published in 1762, Rousseau’s The Social Contract explores the idea of popular sovereignty and the role of the individual within a political community. His assertion that legitimate government arises from the will of the people rather than divine right or tradition inspired many political revolutions, including the French Revolution. For students of political theory and philosophy, Rousseau’s work raises vital questions about freedom, authority, and the nature of governance, offering a timeless discussion on the foundations of modern democracy.

17. The Philosophy of Art, by Arthur C. Danto

"The great philosophers of the past were also great critics."

Published in 1981, Danto’s The Philosophy of Art investigates the nature and definition of art in the modern era. By examining the role of context and interpretation in understanding what qualifies as art, Danto challenges traditional views and offers students a philosophical framework to consider contemporary and conceptual art. This text is essential for those interested in aesthetics, art criticism, and the evolving boundaries of artistic expression.

18. Letters to a Young Poet, by Rainer Maria Rilke

"Perhaps all the dragons in our lives are princesses who are only waiting to see us act, just once, with beauty and courage."

First published posthumously in 1929, Letters to a Young Poet is a collection of Rilke’s correspondence with a young aspiring writer. In these letters, Rilke offers profound advice on creativity, solitude, and the inner journey required to cultivate artistic expression. His words resonate with readers and aspiring artists alike, providing timeless insights into the nature of inspiration and personal growth. This book is a must-read for students exploring creative writing, art, or personal development, as it encourages introspection and the courage to follow one’s artistic path.

19. The Hero with a Thousand Faces, by Joseph Campbell

"The cave you fear to enter holds the treasure you seek."

First published in 1949, Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces explores the archetypal hero’s journey found in myths and legends across different cultures. Campbell’s comparative mythology reveals the universal patterns of storytelling, illustrating how these ancient narratives continue to shape modern literature, film, and psychology. For students of storytelling, comparative literature, and cultural studies, this book offers a powerful framework for understanding the common threads that unite human experience.

20. The Decline of the West, by Oswald Spengler

"Every civilization has its own idea of progress, and it is impossible to say that one civilization is better or higher than another."

Published in 1918, Spengler’s The Decline of the West presents a sweeping analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, arguing that all cultures undergo cycles of growth and decline. Spengler’s controversial thesis suggests that Western civilization is in its declining phase, offering a critical perspective on historical progress. This text invites students to think deeply about the patterns of history, the role of culture, and the future of global civilization. For those studying history, philosophy, and cultural studies, Spengler’s work remains a thought-provoking exploration of historical cycles and cultural development.

Summary

The authors and titles in this list span centuries of thought and creativity, covering some of the most significant works in philosophy, art, politics, and literature. From Plato’s exploration of justice to Darwin’s groundbreaking theory of evolution, these 20 classic books offer profound insights into the forces that have shaped human societies and thought. Each work encourages readers to question the world, delve deeper into philosophical inquiry, and explore the richness of the human experience. These books challenge students to think critically about art, culture, governance, and human nature, making them essential reading for anyone pursuing studies in the Arts and Humanities.

Discover More with an Oxford Summer Courses Arts and Humanities Summer Course

Feeling inspired? Immerse yourself in the world of philosophy, history, and the arts with Oxford Summer Courses. Explore groundbreaking ideas and engage in critical debates in Oxford or Cambridge, with tailored courses for ages 13-15. Our expert tutors lead small-group settings, offering an enriching experience in both prestigious locations. Whether you're passionate about art history, politics, or philosophy, our courses provide a unique academic journey.

Explore our courses:

• Arts and Humanities Courses in Cambridge for ages 13-15
• Arts and Humanities Courses in Oxford for ages 13-15

Secure Your Place Early

To secure your preferred location, we highly recommend applying early. Each of our courses has a limited number of places available, and they tend to sell out quickly. Once they are full, no further places will be available. We offer Arts and Humanities courses in both Oxford and Cambridge for ages 13-15. Submit your application as soon as possible to ensure you don’t miss the opportunity to study in one of these prestigious locations. Apply now.

About the author

Rhys Mackenzie is the Website Marketing Manager at Oxford Summer Courses. With extensive experience in SEO and digital content management, they are passionate about showcasing the best that Oxford has to offer. Their previous role at Experience Oxfordshire gave them a deep appreciation for the city's unique cultural and academic offerings. Learn more about Rhys here.