How Many Colleges in Oxford?

The University of Oxford is one of the most prestigious and historic universities in the world. Known for its unique college system, Oxford’s 39 colleges form the heart of its academic and social life, offering students a unique blend of individual identity and community spirit. Each college has its own history, traditions, and culture, providing students with a smaller, more intimate environment within the larger university.

In this article, we’ll explore how Oxford’s colleges work, the differences between them, and what makes each one special. Whether you’re considering applying to Oxford or are simply curious about its renowned college system, this guide will give you a detailed understanding of how the university is structured.

What Is a College at Oxford?

At the University of Oxford, a college is much more than just a residence hall or a place to take classes. Each college operates as a mini-campus within the larger university, with its own administration, faculty, student body, and social activities. Colleges provide students with accommodation, meals, and academic support. While they are part of the university, colleges are also independent institutions, with their own governing bodies and traditions.

Colleges are responsible for admitting students to the university, providing tutoring and pastoral care, and organising events and extracurricular activities. They also create a tight-knit community for students, allowing them to form lasting friendships and engage with faculty in a more personal setting.

Why Does Oxford Have So Many Colleges?

The University of Oxford’s college system is unique in that each college operates independently but is part of the larger university. This system allows for a personalised education, where students receive close supervision and mentoring from tutors, while still benefiting from the resources of a world-class university. Each college has its own facilities, such as libraries, dining halls, and accommodation, and students often develop strong loyalty and pride for their college.

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How Many Colleges Are There at Oxford?

Oxford is made up of 39 colleges and 6 Permanent Private Halls (PPHs). While the colleges are the most well-known and established institutions, the PPHs also play an important role in the university’s academic and religious life. Each college is distinct, with its own character, traditions, and areas of academic strength. Some colleges are older and more traditional, while others are newer and more modern in their approach.

• Oldest Colleges: University College, Balliol College, and Merton College are among the oldest, with their founding dates stretching back to the 13th century.
• Newest Colleges: The most recent addition is Reuben College, which was founded in 2019 with a focus on interdisciplinary studies in science and technology.

Oxford's college system allows students to experience a unique blend of university-wide resources and the benefits of a smaller academic community. This means that while you’re part of a world-class institution, you also get the personal touch of a more focused and supportive college environment.

Here’s a look at the colleges, their histories, and what makes each one special.

The Oxford Colleges

1. Balliol College

Balliol College is one of the largest and oldest Oxford colleges. Founded in 1263 by John I de Balliol and his mother Dervorguilla of Galloway, its goal has always been to foster education at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Balliol has produced several notable alumni, including three British prime ministers.

2. Christ Church

Christ Church, founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, is one of the most prestigious Oxford colleges. Known for its stunning architecture, including the iconic Tom Tower, it serves as both a college and the Cathedral of the Diocese of Oxford. Alumni include 13 British prime ministers.

3. Magdalen College

Founded in 1458, Magdalen College is known for its beautiful architecture, expansive grounds, and deer park. Its Great Tower is an iconic symbol of Oxford. Magdalen has educated notable figures such as C.S. Lewis and Oscar Wilde.

4. New College

Despite its name, New College was founded in 1379, making it one of Oxford's oldest institutions. It was established to provide a pipeline of graduates for the church and has a strong academic and choral tradition. Its alumni include many influential figures across various fields.

5. Trinity College

Founded in 1555, Trinity College is known for its stunning gardens and central location. It consistently performs well academically, and its close-knit community makes it a favourite among students. Notable alumni include former Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.

6. Exeter College

Exeter College was founded in 1314 and is located in the heart of Oxford. Its Victorian Gothic architecture and strong focus on the humanities make it a popular choice for students. Alumni include J.R.R. Tolkien.

7. St John's College

St John's College, founded in 1555, is one of the wealthiest Oxford colleges. It is renowned for its academic strength and beautiful campus. Former Prime Minister Tony Blair is among its notable alumni.

8. Merton College

Merton College, founded in 1264, is one of the oldest colleges in Oxford. Its medieval buildings and beautiful gardens make it a picturesque setting. Merton has a strong academic tradition, particularly in science and mathematics.

9. Worcester College

Worcester College was established in 1714 and stands out for its blend of classical and modern architecture. Its extensive gardens and lake make it one of the most picturesque colleges in Oxford.

10. Hertford College

Hertford College is famous for its iconic Bridge of Sighs, which connects two parts of the college over New College Lane. It was established in 1282 and has a reputation for being friendly and inclusive.

11. Pembroke College

Founded in 1624, Pembroke College is known for its supportive community and picturesque campus. Its alumni include Samuel Johnson and former British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger.

12. Lincoln College

Lincoln College was founded in 1427 and is located in the centre of Oxford. Its alumni include John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. It is one of the smaller colleges, with a strong sense of community.

13. Oriel College

Founded in 1326, Oriel College is the fifth oldest college at Oxford. It has a reputation for academic excellence and a lively social scene, with alumni including Sir Walter Raleigh.

14. Queen’s College

Founded in 1341, Queen’s College is known for its beautiful Baroque architecture. It has a long tradition of academic success, particularly in the humanities.

15. Somerville College

Somerville College, founded in 1879, was one of the first Oxford colleges to admit women. It remains a forward-thinking institution with a commitment to diversity and inclusion. Alumni include Margaret Thatcher and Indira Gandhi.

16. Keble College

Keble College, founded in 1870, is known for its distinctive red-brick buildings. It has a strong academic reputation and is particularly popular for science and engineering subjects.

17. St Catherine’s College

St Catherine’s College, known as St Catz, is one of the most modern Oxford colleges, established in 1962. Its architecture is strikingly modern, and it has a strong focus on innovation and research.

18. Corpus Christi College

Corpus Christi College, founded in 1517, is one of the smaller Oxford colleges. It is known for its intimate community and academic rigour, particularly in the humanities.

19. Brasenose College

Founded in 1509, Brasenose College has a lively social scene and is known for its beautiful quad and medieval dining hall. It has a strong academic tradition in law and the sciences.

20. University College

University College, founded in 1249, is one of the oldest colleges in Oxford. It has a strong academic reputation and has educated several British prime ministers.

21. All Souls College

All Souls College, founded in 1438, is unique in that it has no undergraduate students. It is primarily a research institution, and its fellows are among the most distinguished academics in the world.

22. St Anne’s College

Founded in 1879 as a women’s college, St Anne’s is now coeducational and is known for its inclusive and forward-thinking ethos. It has a strong academic reputation, particularly in the humanities and social sciences.

23. Lady Margaret Hall

Lady Margaret Hall, founded in 1878, was the first women’s college at Oxford. It is known for its beautiful gardens and strong sense of community. Alumni include former British Prime Minister Theresa May.

24. St Hugh’s College

St Hugh’s College, founded in 1886, is one of the largest Oxford colleges. It has a diverse student body and offers a wide range of academic programmes.

25. St Hilda’s College

St Hilda’s College, founded in 1893, was originally a women’s college and became coeducational in 2008. It is located along the banks of the River Cherwell and is known for its friendly and inclusive atmosphere.

26. Mansfield College

Mansfield College, founded in 1838, has a strong reputation for law and theology. It is one of the smaller colleges but has a vibrant and diverse community.

27. Regent’s Park College

Founded in 1810, Regent’s Park College is known for its close-knit community and strong tradition in theology and philosophy.

28. St Peter’s College

St Peter’s College, founded in 1929, is one of the more modern colleges at Oxford. It has a friendly and inclusive atmosphere, with a strong academic reputation in the humanities.

29. Green Templeton College

Green Templeton College, founded in 2008, is one of the newest colleges at Oxford. It focuses on postgraduate education and research, particularly in medicine and the social sciences.

30. Harris Manchester College

Harris Manchester College is unique in that it only admits mature students, typically over the age of 21. It has a supportive community and offers a wide range of academic disciplines.

31. Kellogg College

Kellogg College, founded in 1990, focuses on part-time and postgraduate study. It has a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary research.

32. Wolfson College

Founded in 1965, Wolfson College is a modern and diverse institution with a focus on postgraduate education. It has a strong reputation for research and innovation.

33. Nuffield College

Nuffield College, founded in 1937, focuses on postgraduate education and research in social sciences. It is one of the smallest Oxford colleges but has a significant impact in its academic fields.

34. Linacre College

Linacre College, founded in 1962, is a postgraduate college known for its diverse and inclusive community. It has a strong focus on environmental sustainability.

35. St Antony’s College

St Antony’s College, founded in 1950, specialises in international relations, economics, and politics. It is one of the leading centres for the study of global affairs, attracting students and scholars from around the world.

36. Templeton College

Templeton College, founded in 1965, focuses on management and business studies. It merged with Green College in 2008 to form Green Templeton College, which now offers both management and medical-related courses at Oxford.

37. Wycliffe Hall

Wycliffe Hall, founded in 1877, is one of Oxford’s theological colleges. It primarily offers undergraduate and graduate training for Christian ministry and is affiliated with the Church of England.

38. Campion Hall

Campion Hall is a small, Jesuit college that specialises in theology and religious studies. It was founded in 1896 and remains a key centre for theological education at Oxford.

39. Blackfriars Hall

Founded in 1221 as part of the Dominican order, Blackfriars Hall is a centre for theological study and research. Although small in size, it is known for its rigorous academic programmes in philosophy and theology.

Each of these colleges brings something unique to the Oxford experience, whether it’s a specific academic focus, architectural beauty, or a distinct student culture.

The Role of Permanent Private Halls (PPHs)

In addition to the 39 colleges, Oxford has six Permanent Private Halls, which are closely associated with different religious traditions. These PPHs were founded by Christian denominations and are smaller than the colleges, but they offer similar academic programmes and student support services.

The six PPHs are:

• Blackfriars
• Campion Hall
• Regent's Park College
• St Benet’s Hall
• St Stephen’s House
• Wycliffe Hall

While most students apply to colleges, the PPHs offer an alternative for those looking for a more religiously focused community within the university.

What Makes Each College Unique?

No two colleges at Oxford are the same. Some are known for their academic strengths, others for their social life, and still others for their unique traditions or beautiful architecture. Here are some factors that make each college stand out:

• Academic Focus: Some colleges have a strong focus on particular subjects. For example, Christ Church and Balliol are often associated with politics, philosophy, and law, while St Catherine’s is known for its focus on the sciences.
• Size: Colleges vary in size, with some, like Magdalen, having a large student body, while others, like Harris Manchester, cater primarily to mature students and have a smaller community.
• Architecture: Colleges like New College and Magdalen are famous for their stunning historic architecture, while St Catherine’s and Reuben College boast modern designs.
• Traditions: Each college has its own traditions, from formal dinners in academic gowns to unique events like May Balls or garden parties.

When choosing a college, students often consider factors such as location, size, subject strengths, and overall atmosphere.

FAQs About Oxford University Colleges

1. What is the oldest college at Oxford University?

University College, Balliol College, and Merton College all claim to be the oldest colleges at Oxford. University College traces its origins back to 1249, while Balliol and Merton were both founded around the same time in the 13th century.

2. How are students assigned to Oxford colleges?

Students apply to a specific college when they submit their application, or they can submit an open application, which allows the university to assign them to a college based on availability.

3. Can students switch colleges during their studies at Oxford?

It is uncommon for students to switch colleges once they are assigned, as each college is responsible for the student's accommodation and tutorial arrangements. However, in some cases, transfers may be possible under special circumstances.

4. Do all Oxford colleges offer the same subjects?

Most Oxford colleges offer a broad range of subjects, but some colleges may have strengths in particular areas. For example, St Antony’s College is known for international relations, while colleges like Balliol and Merton have strong traditions in philosophy and law.

5. What is the difference between a college and a hall at Oxford University?

Colleges at Oxford are self-governing institutions that provide accommodation, tutorials, and social activities. Halls, such as Blackfriars Hall and St Stephen’s House, are typically smaller and often associated with religious orders. While both offer educational opportunities, colleges tend to be larger and more comprehensive in their offerings.

Conclusion

Oxford’s 39 colleges are more than just academic institutions; they are vibrant communities with rich histories, unique traditions, and a shared commitment to excellence. Each college plays a significant role in shaping the educational experiences of its students, fostering a strong sense of identity and belonging.

At Oxford Summer Courses, we offer students the opportunity to study in the city of Oxford, surrounded by the history and prestige of these world-famous colleges. While Oxford Summer Courses is not part of the University of Oxford, our programmes are hosted in Oxford University college venues, providing a unique setting for students to explore their chosen subjects. With over 40 courses to choose from, students can experience the academic atmosphere that has inspired scholars for centuries.

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