What is Environmental Science? Student Guide

Environmental Science is the study of the natural world and how humans interact with it. It brings together biology, chemistry, geography, physics, and social science to explore pressing global challenges — from climate change and deforestation to pollution and biodiversity loss.

At its heart, Environmental Science is about understanding how ecosystems work and how we can protect them. Whether investigating air quality, ocean temperatures, or food systems, the subject gives you the tools to ask important questions, interpret scientific data, and take meaningful action for the planet.

In this article, we’ll explore why Environmental Science matters, the key topics you’ll study, how it’s applied in real life, key thinkers and scientists to know, future careers, and how to explore the subject with Oxford Summer Courses.

Why Study Environmental Science?

Environmental Science is ideal for curious students who care about nature, global change, and sustainable solutions.

• It’s highly relevant to today’s world
  From wildfires to plastic waste, the environment is one of the biggest challenges of our time. This subject helps you understand the science behind the headlines.
  
  
• It’s multidisciplinary and dynamic
  You’ll study biology, geology, chemistry, economics, and ethics — giving you a well-rounded view of how systems are connected and how solutions must be, too.
  
  
• It equips you to make a difference
  Whether you want to work in policy, science, or education, Environmental Science gives you the knowledge and skills to protect our planet and promote change.
  
  
• It develops critical and scientific thinking
  You’ll learn to analyse complex problems, use data effectively, and communicate your findings — skills valued in both academic and professional settings.
  
  

Key Concepts in Environmental Science

1. Climate Systems and Global Warming

Study how Earth's climate functions, and why it's changing. You’ll learn about the greenhouse effect, carbon cycles, and the scientific evidence behind rising global temperatures.

2. Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Explore how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. You’ll examine food chains, ecological balance, and how habitat destruction affects biodiversity and survival.

3. Pollution and Waste Management

Learn about the causes and consequences of air, water, and soil pollution. You’ll also explore ways to manage waste, reduce plastic use, and treat pollutants sustainably.

4. Renewable Energy and Sustainability

Examine alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, and biofuels. You’ll study how sustainable practices can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and help combat climate change.

5. Human Impact and Urbanisation

Understand how agriculture, deforestation, and cities impact the environment. You’ll explore population growth, land use, and the challenge of building sustainable societies.

6. Conservation and Environmental Policy

Learn how science informs laws, treaties, and conservation efforts. You’ll explore the role of governments, NGOs, and communities in protecting the planet through policy and action.

Real-World Applications of Environmental Science

Climate Change Mitigation

Scientists and policymakers use environmental data to create strategies that reduce carbon emissions. From setting emissions targets to investing in clean technologies, this work is essential for slowing global warming.

Conservation and Wildlife Protection

Environmental scientists help protect endangered species and restore habitats. Whether tracking polar bears or managing marine reserves, their research informs conservation efforts worldwide.

Air and Water Quality Monitoring

Governments and agencies use environmental science to monitor pollution levels and keep people safe. Scientists analyse air particles, chemical runoffs, and water contamination to prevent health risks.

Sustainable Farming and Food Systems

This field promotes eco-friendly agriculture through crop rotation, reduced pesticides, and soil management. It supports food security while protecting biodiversity and reducing harm to ecosystems.

Environmental Education and Advocacy

Educators and activists use environmental science to inspire action. From public campaigns to school workshops, they communicate facts and encourage individuals and communities to live more sustainably.

Green Technology and Innovation

Environmental scientists work with engineers to develop clean technologies like carbon capture, biodegradable materials, and smart cities — combining science with innovation to build a greener future.

Famous Figures in Environmental Science

Rachel Carson

Author of Silent Spring, Carson exposed the dangers of pesticide use and launched the modern environmental movement. Her work led to widespread awareness and major policy changes in the 20th century.

David Attenborough

Through documentaries like Planet Earth, Attenborough has educated millions about biodiversity and climate change. His storytelling has made science accessible and inspired global conservation efforts.

Wangari Maathai

Founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, Maathai was the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She combined environmental conservation with women's rights and grassroots activism.

Greta Thunberg

A youth climate activist who sparked a global movement, Greta’s speeches and school strikes have brought climate justice into the spotlight, reminding leaders of their responsibility to future generations.

James Lovelock

Creator of the Gaia hypothesis, Lovelock proposed that Earth functions as a self-regulating organism. His work challenged traditional views and brought systems thinking into environmental science.

What Careers Can You Pursue with Environmental Science?

Environmental Scientist or Ecologist

Study ecosystems, monitor environmental health, and provide data that informs conservation and sustainability. You might work in labs, on field sites, or for government and environmental organisations.

Climate Policy Advisor

Use science to influence laws and strategies that tackle climate change. Advisors work with governments, NGOs, or international bodies to design policies that balance progress with planet protection.

Sustainability Consultant

Help companies reduce their environmental impact by improving energy use, waste management, and supply chains. You’ll combine science with business understanding to support greener practices.

Environmental Engineer

Design systems that manage pollution, clean water, or reduce emissions. Engineers in this field develop technologies that improve public health and protect ecosystems.

Wildlife Conservationist or Ranger

Protect endangered species and habitats. You might work on the ground managing reserves or conduct research that informs conservation plans and species recovery programmes.

Environmental Educator or Communicator

Inspire others through teaching, media, or campaigns. You’ll help raise awareness about climate change, sustainability, and the actions individuals can take to make a difference.

Marine Biologist

Study ocean ecosystems, marine life, and how oceans respond to climate change. This role combines field research, lab work, and conservation to protect marine biodiversity.

Environmental Lawyer

Specialise in laws that govern pollution, land use, and conservation. Lawyers in this field advocate for environmental justice, shape policy, and represent clients in legal cases involving the environment.

Explore Environmental Science at Oxford Summer Courses

At Oxford Summer Courses, we offer inspiring Environmental Science programmes for students aged 13–24, taught in small, engaging groups in the world-famous academic cities of Oxford and Cambridge.

You’ll explore climate systems, biodiversity, human impact, and environmental solutions — all tailored to your interests. With no fixed curriculum, our expert tutors will adapt sessions to what excites you most, whether that’s sustainability, conservation, or clean energy.

Through real-world case studies, scientific discussion, and critical thinking, you’ll leave with a deeper understanding of our planet — and how you can protect it.

📍 Available Courses:

Oxford:

• Environmental Science in Oxford (Ages 13–15)
  
  
• Environmental Science in Oxford (Ages 16–17)
  
  
• Environmental Science in Oxford (Ages 18–24)
  
  

Cambridge:

• Environmental Science in Cambridge (Ages 18–24)
  
  

Conclusion: Is Environmental Science Right for You?

If you care deeply about nature, love science, or want to protect the planet through knowledge and action — Environmental Science could be the perfect subject for you. It’s meaningful, forward-looking, and full of opportunities to make a real difference.

To secure your preferred location, we highly recommend applying early. Each of our Environmental Science courses has a limited number of places available, and they tend to sell out quickly. Once they are full, no further places will be available.

Submit your application today to ensure you don’t miss the opportunity to study Environmental Science in Oxford or Cambridge. Apply Now.