What is Politics? Student Guide

Politics is the study of how power is exercised, how societies are governed, and how decisions are made that affect people’s lives. It explores ideologies, laws, institutions, and political behaviours — from national elections to global diplomacy.

At its core, politics is about negotiation, influence, and representation. Studying politics equips you to understand the complex systems that shape our world, challenge injustice, and contribute to meaningful change through knowledge, debate, and action.

In this article, we’ll explore why studying politics matters, what you’ll learn, how it applies in the real world, key figures in the field, potential careers, and how to get started with Oxford Summer Courses.

Why Study Politics?

Politics is an essential subject for anyone who wants to understand the world — or change it.

• It empowers you to understand current events
  From elections to protests and international summits, political knowledge helps you interpret what’s happening in the news — and why it matters.
  
  
• It builds persuasive communication and debate skills
  You'll learn how to present arguments clearly, respond to opposing views, and think critically — valuable skills in every career.
  
  
• It addresses big moral and social questions
  Politics challenges you to explore issues like justice, equality, and freedom, and how they play out in real-world decisions and policies.
  
  
• It prepares you for impactful careers
  Whether you pursue politics itself, law, journalism, or business, you’ll gain analytical thinking, leadership, and a deep understanding of how systems operate.
  
  

Key Concepts in Politics

1. Political Ideologies

Explore foundational belief systems such as liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and nationalism. You’ll understand how these ideologies shape policy decisions and influence public opinion, activism, and governance across time and cultures.

2. Electoral Systems and Democracy

Compare voting systems and democratic models around the world. You’ll examine how electoral rules impact representation, participation, and political fairness — and how different systems shape public trust in governments.

3. Power, Authority, and the State

Study how states are formed and maintained, how legitimacy is established, and how authority is exercised. This includes exploring institutions like parliaments, courts, and monarchies, as well as the role of the constitution and civil liberties.

4. Political Participation and Activism

Learn how individuals and groups engage in politics outside of elections — through protests, lobbying, social media, and community organising. You’ll explore what drives people to take action and how grassroots movements shape policy.

5. Global Politics and International Relations

Delve into the structures and strategies behind international diplomacy, conflict, and cooperation. You’ll examine how countries interact through alliances, organisations, and treaties — and how global issues transcend national borders.

6. Public Policy and Governance

Understand how public policies are formed, debated, and implemented. You’ll analyse the decision-making process in areas like healthcare, education, and climate policy, including the role of bureaucracy, interest groups, and public opinion.

Real-World Applications of Politics

Public Policy and Government Work

Politics graduates often work in shaping or analysing policies that affect millions. This could involve conducting research, writing briefings, or working directly with politicians to help develop more effective and ethical solutions.

International Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

In embassies and peace organisations, political insight is crucial for building cooperation and resolving conflict. You’ll use your understanding of political systems and negotiation strategies to navigate complex international issues.

Activism and Advocacy

Political knowledge strengthens your ability to lead campaigns, raise awareness, and influence legislation. Whether working in environmental justice or human rights, you’ll apply theory to strategy to effect real social change.

Law and Public Justice

Politics complements legal training by helping you understand how laws are created and contested. Many politics students become lawyers, judges, or advocates who fight for policy reform, civil rights, and democratic accountability.

Journalism and Political Media

A background in politics enables you to report with depth and accuracy. You’ll interpret government decisions, interview leaders, and communicate complex ideas in ways that inform and engage the public.

Think Tanks and Strategic Research

In research organisations, you’ll evaluate policies, monitor public opinion, and produce reports that guide governments and institutions. These roles require critical thinking, attention to detail, and strong communication skills.

Famous Figures in Politics

Barack Obama

The 44th President of the United States, Obama is known for his oratory, diplomacy, and progressive politics. With a background in political science and law, he championed healthcare reform, international cooperation, and civil rights.

Margaret Thatcher

Britain’s first female Prime Minister, Thatcher reshaped UK politics with her firm belief in free-market economics, individual responsibility, and strong leadership. Her legacy continues to spark debate across political lines.

Angela Merkel

One of Europe’s most respected modern leaders, Merkel guided Germany through major crises with stability and pragmatism. Her calm, science-informed leadership style won international acclaim.

Kwame Nkrumah

A key figure in African independence movements, Nkrumah led Ghana to become the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence. He combined nationalism and socialism in his vision of pan-African unity.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

As a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Ginsburg championed gender equality and civil liberties. Her legal and political influence extended far beyond the courtroom, shaping public discourse for decades.

What Careers Can You Pursue with Politics?

Policy Advisor or Civil Servant

Work within government departments or political offices to draft, analyse, and evaluate legislation and policy proposals. You’ll influence decisions on national and international issues from education to defence.

Political Campaign Manager or Consultant

Strategise, manage, and lead political campaigns. These roles involve public messaging, data analysis, fundraising, and media coordination — all under tight deadlines and intense public scrutiny.

Lawyer or Legal Advocate

Politics provides an excellent foundation for a legal career. Whether you specialise in constitutional law, human rights, or legislative policy, your understanding of governance will shape your legal expertise.

Journalist or Political Commentator

Report on elections, policymaking, and global events. You’ll translate complex ideas into accessible narratives, inform public debate, and hold those in power to account through investigative journalism or political analysis.

NGO or Non-Profit Director

Lead organisations that address global challenges such as climate change, education, or poverty. These roles combine strategy, advocacy, and leadership with a deep understanding of political systems and policy impact.

Academic, Lecturer, or Political Theorist

Teach and publish research on political thought, institutions, and current affairs. As an academic, you’ll contribute to scholarly debates and influence the next generation of political thinkers.

Risk Consultant or International Analyst

Advise companies or governments on geopolitical developments and policy risks. This could involve assessing political stability, forecasting elections, or analysing diplomatic relations in high-impact regions.

Explore Politics at Oxford Summer Courses

At Oxford Summer Courses, we offer engaging Politics programmes for students aged 16–24, taught in small groups by expert tutors in the historic setting of Oxford.

Explore contemporary debates and classic political theory in an immersive environment where your interests shape the conversation. With no fixed curriculum, tutors adapt each course to your goals — whether that’s British politics, global relations, or activism.

From role-play debates to critical readings of political texts, you’ll build confidence, develop persuasive arguments, and sharpen your global awareness — all while experiencing one of the world’s most iconic academic cities.

📍 Available Courses:

• Politics in Oxford (Ages 16–17)
  
  
• Politics in Oxford (Ages 18–24)
  
  

Conclusion: Is Politics Right for You?

If you're curious about global affairs, passionate about justice, and eager to explore how decisions are made and challenged — Politics could be the perfect subject for you. To secure your preferred location, we highly recommend applying early. Each of our Politics courses has a limited number of places available, and they tend to sell out quickly. Once they are full, no further places will be available. Submit your application today to ensure you don’t miss the opportunity to study Politics in Oxford. Apply Now.

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