What is Mechanical Engineering? Student Guide

Mechanical Engineering is the study of how things move, operate, and are built. It’s one of the oldest and broadest branches of engineering, focusing on the design, development, and maintenance of machines, structures, and mechanical systems.

From engines and aircraft to wind turbines and surgical robots, mechanical engineers solve practical problems using principles of physics, mathematics, and materials science. It’s a subject that blends creativity with technical skill to build the world around us — efficiently, sustainably, and intelligently.

In this article, we’ll explore what mechanical engineering involves, what you’ll learn, how it applies in the real world, leading figures in the field, career paths, and how to study it at Oxford Summer Courses.

Why Study Mechanical Engineering?

Mechanical Engineering is a dynamic and rewarding field that powers the systems we use every day — and prepares you for a high-impact career.

• It teaches practical, real-world problem-solving
  You’ll learn to analyse challenges, build models, test prototypes, and refine designs — applying physics and maths to design functional, efficient solutions.
  
  
• It opens doors across industries
  Mechanical engineers are essential in aerospace, automotive, energy, robotics, healthcare, and manufacturing. The possibilities are vast and constantly evolving.
  
  
• It combines theory with creativity
  You'll explore how technical knowledge can drive innovation — designing machines, optimising processes, and imagining smarter systems for the future.
  
  
• It develops skills that last a lifetime
  From analytical thinking to teamwork and communication, mechanical engineering equips you with versatile skills applicable far beyond the workshop or lab.
  
  

Key Concepts in Mechanical Engineering

1. Mechanics and Dynamics

Explore the forces and motion that govern how machines move and interact. You'll study Newtonian mechanics, rotational systems, friction, and vibrations to understand how to design stable, efficient systems.

2. Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Learn how energy is converted and transferred. From engines and turbines to refrigeration and HVAC systems, thermodynamics underpins how we manage heat, fuel, and efficiency.

3. Materials Science and Engineering

Investigate the properties and performance of materials under stress, heat, and deformation. You’ll explore how metals, polymers, and composites are selected and used in mechanical systems.

4. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Simulation

Use design software to create precise 2D and 3D models of parts and systems. You'll also simulate stresses, motion, and failure points before anything is physically built.

5. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics

Understand how liquids and gases behave in motion and under pressure. This is essential in designing systems like engines, pumps, ventilation, and even aircraft wings.

6. Systems and Control Engineering

Study how mechanical systems are automated and regulated. You'll learn how sensors, feedback loops, and control theory allow machines to adapt and perform reliably.

Real-World Applications of Mechanical Engineering

Automotive and Transport Systems

Design vehicles that are faster, safer, and more energy-efficient. Mechanical engineers work on everything from engines and braking systems to lightweight materials and electric drivetrains.

Aerospace and Aviation

Contribute to the development of aircraft, spacecraft, and drones. You’ll apply fluid dynamics, materials science, and thermodynamics to help machines fly safely and efficiently.

Robotics and Automation

Create machines that perform complex tasks with precision. From factory automation to surgical robots, mechanical engineers blend electronics, mechanics, and software to build the future.

Energy Systems and Sustainability

Design renewable energy technologies like wind turbines or solar tracking systems. Mechanical engineers are critical in the global shift toward sustainable, low-carbon solutions.

Medical Devices and Biomechanics

Build tools and machines that assist diagnosis, treatment, or mobility. From prosthetics to MRI machines, mechanical engineering helps enhance health and human performance.

Manufacturing and Industrial Processes

Optimise how goods are produced, assembled, and distributed. Mechanical engineers improve machinery, reduce waste, and innovate production lines across every industry.

Famous Figures in Mechanical Engineering

James Watt

An 18th-century Scottish engineer whose improvements to the steam engine helped power the Industrial Revolution. The unit of power, the watt, is named in his honour.

Nikola Tesla

A pioneer of mechanical and electrical innovation, Tesla’s inventions in AC motors, generators, and wireless power transmission laid foundations for modern energy systems.

Kate Gleason

One of the first female mechanical engineers in the U.S., Gleason revolutionised the machine tool industry and played a major role in opening the profession to women.

Elon Musk

While not a formally trained mechanical engineer, Musk's ventures like Tesla and SpaceX depend heavily on mechanical innovation. His work drives global interest in sustainable transport and space exploration.

Mary Jackson

An aerospace engineer at NASA and one of the key mathematicians featured in Hidden Figures, Jackson broke barriers and contributed to critical advancements in wind tunnel research and aircraft design.

What Careers Can You Pursue with Mechanical Engineering?

Mechanical Engineer (Generalist)

Design and improve machines and mechanical systems across industries. You’ll work on product development, testing, prototyping, and refining designs for performance and safety.

Automotive or Aerospace Engineer

Specialise in designing vehicles or aircraft. These roles involve aerodynamics, engine systems, materials optimisation, and adherence to rigorous safety standards.

Robotics Engineer

Combine mechanics, electronics, and computing to build intelligent machines. You’ll design robotic arms, drones, or autonomous vehicles that operate in factories, homes, or extreme environments.

Energy Systems Engineer

Work on technologies that power the world — from wind turbines and thermal systems to nuclear reactors. Your role may involve design, simulation, or efficiency improvements.

Biomechanical or Medical Device Engineer

Design prosthetics, mobility aids, surgical tools, or diagnostic machines. You’ll combine human physiology with precision engineering to improve healthcare.

Manufacturing or Process Engineer

Optimise the production of goods in industries such as automotive, electronics, or food. These engineers improve efficiency, reduce waste, and apply automation technologies.

Academic Researcher or Engineering Consultant

Pursue further study or guide companies on technical challenges. Researchers and consultants contribute to the latest advancements in mechanical systems and innovation strategy.

Explore Mechanical Engineering at Oxford Summer Courses

At Oxford Summer Courses, we offer intellectually stimulating Mechanical Engineering programmes for students aged 16–24, taught in small groups by expert tutors in Oxford.

You’ll explore topics like mechanics, thermodynamics, CAD, and control systems through interactive seminars and tutor-led discussions. With no fixed curriculum, our tutors tailor the course to your goals — whether you're preparing for university study or pursuing your interest in robotics, energy, or automotive design.

You’ll leave with deeper technical knowledge, practical insight, and the confidence to take your next steps in engineering.

📍 Available Courses:

• Mechanical Engineering in Oxford (Ages 16–17)
  
  
• Mechanical Engineering in Oxford (Ages 18–24)
  
  

Conclusion: Is Mechanical Engineering Right for You?

If you love figuring out how things work, enjoy hands-on problem-solving, and want to design technology that changes the world — Mechanical Engineering could be the perfect subject for you. To secure your preferred location, we highly recommend applying early. Each of our Mechanical Engineering courses has a limited number of places available, and they tend to sell out quickly. Once they are full, no further places will be available. Submit your application today to ensure you don’t miss the opportunity to study Mechanical Engineering in Oxford.  Apply Now.

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